SEND in Education
Information & advice
Emotionally Based School Avoidance
Emotionally Based School Avoidance (EBSA) can be a challenging and emotional experience for both children and their families.
In this guide, we provide guidance on understanding EBSA, recognising the signs, and finding supportive strategies to help your child.
What is emotionally based school avoidance?
Emotionally Based School Avoidance (EBSA) is when a child or young person experiences difficulties in attending school due to intense emotional factors.
Unlike typical school refusal, which may stem from behaviour or resistance, EBSA is driven by anxiety, fear, or other overwhelming emotions, making it very challenging for a child to manage the thought of going to school.
Signs of EBSA
It can be distressing for parents and carers when a child begins to show signs of school avoidance. Here are some common indicators that your child may be experiencing EBSA:
- Frequent stomachaches, headaches, vomiting, or feeling faint before school
- High levels of distress when talking about school or preparing to go to school
- Being late, taking a long time to get ready, or not wanting to get out of bed in the mornings
- Withdrawal, mood swings, or noticeable shifts in attitude toward school or social interactions related to school
Emotional and social factors
EBSA can be linked to several factors, such as:
Anxiety and mental health
Children with anxiety, depression or social phobias might experience overwhelming stress when faced with school. This can be triggered by social interactions, academic pressure or fear of failure.
SEND
Children with SEND, particularly those with autism, ADHD, or sensory processing difficulties, may struggle with the social, sensory, or the structural demands of school. This can heighten their anxiety and lead to EBSA.
Bullying or social struggles
Fear of bullying, exclusion, or difficulty fitting in socially can also cause children to avoid school as a way of escaping these negative experiences.
Life events or changes
Major changes such as family separation, illness, or bereavement can cause emotional upheaval, making it harder for children to cope with school
Supporting a child with EBSA
Early intervention is key to supporting children with EBSA. If your child is showing signs of school avoidance, it’s important to respond with patience and understanding. EBSA is more than just avoiding school – it’s a complex emotional response.
A collaborative approach between parents, the school, and healthcare professionals (such as a counsellor or therapist) can help your child feel safe, supported, and ready to return to education at a pace that works for them.
Some steps might include:
- Gentle reintegration: Support your child to return to school slowly, starting with small steps that feel manageable. Reducing anxiety triggers along the way can help build their confidence.
- Emotional support: Counselling or therapy can help your child understand and manage their feelings, while giving them a safe space to talk.
- Tailored school support: Talk to your child’s school about making practical adjustments, such as flexible timetables, access to a quiet space, or extra learning support, especially for children with SEND.
Resources & advice
If you’re looking for support with EBSA, your Local Offer is a great place to start. Many Local Offers include local resources and help for families.
You can use our Kids’ Young People’s Hub to easily find your Local Offer – click the button below and enter your postcode to search.